什么是特種鋼化玻璃？

玻璃就是分為特種鋼化玻璃和普通玻璃這兩種，那么什么是特種玻璃，接下就來說一下，特種鋼化玻(bo)璃(li)是指應用在(zai)近代特殊技術上的(de)(de)玻(bo)璃(li)。它的(de)(de)品種很多，應用范圍也日益廣泛。這里(li)簡略地介紹幾(ji)種特種玻(bo)璃(li)的(de)(de)制造原(yuan)理和性能。 

（1）防(fang)護(hu)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li) 防(fang)護(hu)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)指防(fang)X射(she)(she)(she)(she)線(xian)(xian)或γ射(she)(she)(she)(she)線(xian)(xian)或防(fang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。由于(yu)物質(zhi)對放(fang)射(she)(she)(she)(she)性(xing)(xing)輻(fu)(fu)(fu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)收(shou)能力隨其含有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)屬元素(su)的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)子(zi)(zi)序(xu)數的(de)(de)(de)增大(da)而提高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)，所(suo)以(yi)防(fang)護(hu)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)都(dou)含有(you)(you)(you)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)多(duo)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)金(jin)(jin)屬氧(yang)化(hua)物。例如防(fang)X射(she)(she)(she)(she)線(xian)(xian)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)含較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)多(duo)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)PbO、BaO等(deng)(deng)(deng)，防(fang)γ射(she)(she)(she)(she)線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)含較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)多(duo)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)PbO、WO3、Bi2O3等(deng)(deng)(deng)。由于(yu)γ射(she)(she)(she)(she)線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)穿透能力較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)X射(she)(she)(she)(she)線(xian)(xian)強得(de)多(duo)，所(suo)以(yi)γ射(she)(she)(she)(she)線(xian)(xian)防(fang)護(hu)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)比重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)鉛當(dang)量(liang)(liang)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)X射(she)(she)(she)(she)線(xian)(xian)防(fang)護(hu)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)得(de)多(duo)。 中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)有(you)(you)(you)熱中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)、慢(man)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)和(he)快(kuai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)三種。所(suo)謂防(fang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)系指熱中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)和(he)慢(man)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)而言。由于(yu)很(hen)多(duo)材料對快(kuai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)收(shou)效果都(dou)不(bu)很(hen)理想，因此(ci)快(kuai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)只有(you)(you)(you)慢(man)化(hua)（用(yong)(yong)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)水(shui)或輕金(jin)(jin)屬將(jiang)快(kuai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)慢(man)化(hua)）以(yi)后，再(zai)被吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)收(shou)。一(yi)(yi)般(ban)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)組(zu)成中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)含有(you)(you)(you)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)B2O3、CdO等(deng)(deng)(deng)。 以(yi)上(shang)三種玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)由于(yu)它(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)組(zu)成中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)含有(you)(you)(you)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)多(duo)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)金(jin)(jin)屬氧(yang)化(hua)物，因此(ci)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)顏(yan)色(se)(se)(se)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)深，透光度降低(di)。玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)比重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)越(yue)大(da)，重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)金(jin)(jin)屬氧(yang)化(hua)物含量(liang)(liang)越(yue)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)，則(ze)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)著(zhu)(zhu)色(se)(se)(se)越(yue)深，對透光度影響越(yue)大(da)。所(suo)以(yi)防(fang)γ射(she)(she)(she)(she)線(xian)(xian)、防(fang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)要求它(ta)(ta)無色(se)(se)(se)透明(ming)，可是在(zai)制(zhi)造工(gong)藝(yi)上(shang)要達(da)到(dao)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)透明(ming)度是較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)困難的(de)(de)(de)。但從原(yuan)子(zi)(zi)反應堆窺視窗的(de)(de)(de)要求出發(fa)，總希望(wang)它(ta)(ta)透明(ming)度高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)一(yi)(yi)點。實際上(shang)這是一(yi)(yi)對矛盾。 鉛當(dang)量(liang)(liang)是指單位(wei)厚度的(de)(de)(de)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，在(zai)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)收(shou)X射(she)(she)(she)(she)線(xian)(xian)或γ射(she)(she)(she)(she)線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)能力方面(mian)相當(dang)于(yu)多(duo)少厚度的(de)(de)(de)鉛板。即 鉛當(dang)量(liang)(liang)=鉛板厚度/玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)厚度 一(yi)(yi)般(ban)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)受γ射(she)(she)(she)(she)線(xian)(xian)輻(fu)(fu)(fu)照(zhao)(zhao)后，玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)著(zhu)(zhu)色(se)(se)(se)，透光度顯著(zhu)(zhu)下降。著(zhu)(zhu)色(se)(se)(se)程度跟(gen)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)組(zu)成和(he)結(jie)構有(you)(you)(you)關，也跟(gen)輻(fu)(fu)(fu)照(zhao)(zhao)劑量(liang)(liang)有(you)(you)(you)關。玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)這種特性(xing)(xing)，叫(jiao)做輻(fu)(fu)(fu)照(zhao)(zhao)穩(wen)定性(xing)(xing)。高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)鉛玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)輻(fu)(fu)(fu)照(zhao)(zhao)穩(wen)定性(xing)(xing)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)差，輻(fu)(fu)(fu)照(zhao)(zhao)著(zhu)(zhu)色(se)(se)(se)效應比較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)明(ming)顯。但輻(fu)(fu)(fu)照(zhao)(zhao)停止后，放(fang)置一(yi)(yi)段時間，顏(yan)色(se)(se)(se)可以(yi)逐漸消(xiao)退。如將(jiang)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)加熱處(chu)理，則(ze)褪色(se)(se)(se)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)進行很(hen)快(kuai)，玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)仍可重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)復使用(yong)(yong)。另外，為了提高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)輻(fu)(fu)(fu)照(zhao)(zhao)穩(wen)定性(xing)(xing)，可以(yi)在(zai)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)引入少量(liang)(liang)CeO2，這樣的(de)(de)(de)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)受輻(fu)(fu)(fu)照(zhao)(zhao)后，透光度下降較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)小。